{"id":709,"date":"2021-12-08T00:58:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T16:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2022-12-23T15:43:48","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T07:43:48","slug":"shell%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709","title":{"rendered":"Shell\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0dd68c1ae8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0dd68c1ae8\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86\" >\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAshell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\" >\u521b\u5efashell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF\" >\u6253\u5370\u4fe1\u606f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEPROMPT_COMMAND\" >\u8bbe\u7f6ePROMPT_COMMAND<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\" >\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\" >\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93\" >\u7ba1\u9053<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97\" >\u6267\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8expr%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >\u4f7f\u7528expr\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8bc%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97\" >\u4f7f\u7528bc\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\" >\u9000\u51fa\u811a\u672c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%81\" >\u63a7\u5236\u6d41<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8if-then%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\" >\u4f7f\u7528if-then\u8bed\u53e5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#if-then-else%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\" >if-then-else\u8bed\u53e5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%B5%8C%E5%A5%97if\" >\u5d4c\u5957if<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#test%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >test\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\" >\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\" >\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\" >\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f83<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95\" >\u590d\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#if-then%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7\" >if-then\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%8C%E5%9C%86%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#case%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >case\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >for\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\" >\u8bfb\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u503c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%94%A8%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95\" >\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%84for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >C\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u7684for\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#while%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >while\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#until%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >until\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#break%E4%B8%8Econtinue%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >break\u4e0econtinue\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\" >shell\u811a\u672c\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0positional_parameter\" >\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570(positional parameter)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#shift%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >shift\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\" >\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9C%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\" >\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >getopt\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528getopt\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#getopts%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\" >getopts\u547d\u4ee4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84Linux%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\" >\u901a\u7528\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5\" >\u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\" >\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%B0%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%BA%93%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8\" >\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\/\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#shell%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6\" >shell\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u56fe\u5f62\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84read%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8Ccase%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E6%9D%A5%E8%AE%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u7684read\u547d\u4ee4\u548ccase\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8select%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%9D%A5%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B\" >\u4f7f\u7528select\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8dialog%E5%8C%85\" >\u4f7f\u7528dialog\u5305<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9B%B4%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84dialog%E5%8C%85\" >\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684dialog\u5305<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Linux%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >Linux\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >\u521b\u5efa\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\" >\u5217\u51fa\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%98%BB%E6%AD%A2%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\" >\u963b\u6b62\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\" >\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\" >\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Bash%E6%94%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85\" >\u4f7f\u7528Bash\u6536\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u5220\u9664\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4shell%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95shell\" >\u767b\u5f55shell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\" >\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\" >\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D\" >\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\" >\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Linux%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\" >Linux\u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\" >\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\" >\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9A%82%E5%81%9C%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\" >\u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\" >\u6355\u6349\u4fe1\u53f7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%A7%BB%E9%99%A4%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89\" >\u79fb\u9664\u6355\u6349<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6\" >\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BB%A5%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\" >\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%9C%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\" >\u5728\u975e\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" >\u67e5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" >\u91cd\u542f\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%B0%A6%E8%AE%A9%E5%BA%A6\" >\u8c26\u8ba9\u5ea6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8Dshell%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84nice%E5%80%BC\" >\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dshell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684nice\u503c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Anice%E5%80%BC\" >\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u6307\u5b9anice\u503c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4nice%E5%80%BC\" >\u8c03\u6574nice\u503c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" >\u5b9a\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\" >\u83b7\u53d6\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" >\u5217\u51fa\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\" >\u5220\u9664\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\" >\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8\" >\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u8868<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bcrontab%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9\" >\u67e5\u770bcrontab\u5185\u5bb9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8Cmap\" >Bash\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u548cmap<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Bash%E4%B8%ADMap%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\" >Bash\u4e2dMap\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89\" >\u58f0\u660e(\u5b9a\u4e49)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC\" >\u8d4b\u503c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AEkey%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BEval\" >\u6839\u636ekey\u67e5\u627eval<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4key\" >\u5220\u9664key<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AAkey\" >\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2akey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AAmap\" >\u5220\u9664\u6574\u4e2amap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\" >\u83b7\u53d6key\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96val%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\" >\u83b7\u53d6val\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0\" >\u83b7\u53d6key\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Bash%E4%B8%ADArray%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\" >Bash\u4e2dArray\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89-2\" >\u58f0\u660e(\u5b9a\u4e49)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6\" >\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\" >\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#readarray%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\" >readarray\u51fd\u6570<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\" >\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8filter\" >\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528filter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\" >Bash\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AA%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\" >\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\" >\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B\" >\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#Advanced_Bash_Programming\" >Advanced Bash Programming<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=709\/#%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86\" >\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86\"><\/span>\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>shell\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548cLinux\/Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5199shell\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7406\u89e3Linux\/Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80f6\u6c34\u8bed\u8a00\u7528\u51e0\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662fLinux\/Unix\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u5e26\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800cpython\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u904d\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff0c\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4shell\u90fd\u9700\u8981fork\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u91cc\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u5f88\u591a\u6027\u80fd\u6d88\u8017\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee(\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u592a\u83dc)\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6a21\u5757\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bshell\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002shell\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e71\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7a0d\u4e0d\u7559\u5fc3\u5c31\u5199\u9519\uff1bshell\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1(\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7acb\u9a6c\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684)\u7528shell\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8003\u8651\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u5148\u7528perl\/python\u7b49\u66f4\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u8005\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u5199\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528shell\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5b66\u4e0bBash(GNU Bourne-Again Shell)\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u662fZsh\u7528\u719f\u4e86\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u65f6\u8001\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u633a\u96be\u53d7\u7684\uff1b\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u7ed9python\/perl\u7b49\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5728shell\u91cc\u5f3a\u6c42\uff1b\u603b\u4e4b\u6211\u662f\u89c9\u5f97shell\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u82b1\u592a\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u5b66\u5168\u548c\u5b66\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u628a\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7559\u7ed9\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684C++\u3001Linux\u5185\u6838\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e0a\u53bb\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5207\u5165\u6b63\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>\u7528\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u63d0\u793a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">date ; who\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAshell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAshell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>\u521b\u5efashell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u521b\u5efashell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF\"><\/span>\u6253\u5370\u4fe1\u606f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<em>echo<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u3002echo\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u91cc\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5f15\u53f7\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed9\u5708\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671becho\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u4e0d\u8981\u6362\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<em>-n<\/em>\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo -n \"The time and date are: \"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9664\u4e86<em>echo<\/em>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<em>printf<\/em>\u6765\u6253\u5370\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<em>set<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5217\u8868\u3002<br>\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26$\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528)\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528${variable}\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u540e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u83b7\u5f97\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\\\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc720\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002<br>\u503c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b49\u53f7\u8d4b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<strong>\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b49\u53f7\u548c\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7a7a\u683c<\/strong>\u3002<br>shell\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<br>\u5f15\u7528\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u66f4\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26 bash shell\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26<strong>IFS<\/strong>(internal field separator)\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u548c\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u66f4\u6539IFS\u4f7f\u5176\u53ea\u8bc6\u522b\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5982\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<code>IFS=$'\\n' <\/code>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6539\u4e3a\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff1a<code>IFS=: <\/code>\u5982\u679c\u6539\u4e3a\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3001\u5192\u53f7\u3001\u5206\u53f7\u3001\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<code>IFS=$'\\n:;\"' <\/code>\u5927\u6982\u5728\u5c06IFS\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528$\u7b26\u53f7\u5427\uff0c\u5f85\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a<code>$?<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\uff1a<code>$$<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AEPROMPT_COMMAND\"><\/span>\u8bbe\u7f6ePROMPT_COMMAND<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e4b\u524d\u5e08\u5144\u5728\u6211\u53f8\u5b9e\u4e60\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86<em>Oh My Zsh<\/em>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u65f6\u7684\u4f1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u4e24\u53e5\u540d\u4eba\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6539\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u5355\u8bcd\u672c\u91cc\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6572\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u987a\u5e26\u80cc\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff1f\u5e26\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u600e\u4e48\u5728Bash\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5207\u6362\u5230Zsh\uff0cZsh\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5f88\u9177\u3001\u5f88geek\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u4e0d\u5982Bash\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60Zsh\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u5728Bash\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u6709\u4fee\u6539<em>PS1<\/em>\u8fd9\u79cd\u503c\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<em>PS1<\/em>\u7684\u503c\u5728\u8f7d\u5165*.bashrc*\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u540e\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u65f6\u5019\u8f93\u51fa\u5355\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5728Stack Overflow\u4e0a\u624d\u770b\u89c1\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\uff0cBash\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd0\u884c<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5199\u4e00\u70b9Bash\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5355\u8bcd\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u8981\u597d\u770b(\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981)\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u592a\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5728Bash\u91cc\u8f93\u51fa\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53caBash\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f60\u7684Bash\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u7684Bash\u8f93\u51fa\u91cc\u5374\u5939\u6742\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u5f88\u5934\u75bc\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u4f55\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u80cc\u5355\u8bcd\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u9760\u771f\u6b63\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u53bb\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8001\u60f3\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u65c1\u95e8\u5de6\u9053\uff0c\u5728Bash\u91cc\u6df7\u6742\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u6709\u4e9b\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f26\u4e0d\u7c7b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7ef4\u62a4\u5355\u8bcd\u672c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5173\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u8bcd\u8f93\u51fa\u9891\u7387\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e4b\u540e\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tldp.org\/HOWTO\/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO\/x264.html\">\u6765\u81ea\u4e8etldp\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/index.php\/Bash\/Prompt_customization\">archlinux\u7684wiki<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u7528<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e3b\u8981\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\u91cc\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u591a\u884c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND<\/strong>\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u6539\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8d4b\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<code>testing=`date` <\/code>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u5e76\u7528\u5176\u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash \n# copy the \/usr\/bin directory listing to a log file\ntoday=`date +%y%m%d` \nls \/usr\/bin -al &gt; log.$today<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<code>$(cmd)<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><\/span>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002<br>\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684<em>&gt;<\/em>\u7b26\u53f7\u4e86\u3002<br>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f&gt;&gt;\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<br>\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684&lt;\u7b26\u53f7\u4e86\u3002<br><em>&lt;&lt;<\/em>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5185\u8054\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411(inline input direction)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6807\u8bb0\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6807\u8bb0\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e86\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">wc &lt;&lt; EOF\ntest string 1 \ntest string 2 \ntest string 3 \nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AE%A1%E9%81%93\"><\/span>\u7ba1\u9053<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code><em>|<\/em><\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97\"><\/span>\u6267\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8expr%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8expr%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528expr\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">a=$(expr 1 + 1)\necho $a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>bash shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a<code>$[ operation ]<\/code>\u3002\u5373\u5c06\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f0f\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528$\u5f15\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<br>\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684*\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u800c\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8bc%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8bc%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528bc\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> \u901a\u8fc7\u5728bc\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6escale\u7684\u503c(\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4f4d\u6570)\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u901a\u8fc7echo\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u5c06\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\u53d1\u7ed9bc\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u83b7\u53d6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u8054\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7bc\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5de5\u5177\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cbash\/shell\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">  #!\/bin\/bash\n\n  var1=10.46\n  var2=43.67\n  var3=33.2\n  var4=71\n\n  var5=`bc &lt;&lt; EOF\n  scale = 4\n  a1 = ( $var1 * $var2 )\n  b1 = ( $var3 * $var4 )\n  a1 + b1\n  EOF\n  `\n  echo The final answer for this mess if $var5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><\/span>\u9000\u51fa\u811a\u672c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>shell\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801(exit status)<\/strong>\u6765\u544a\u8bc9shell\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u3002\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a0~255\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0<\/td><td>\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u7ed3\u675f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u901a\u7528\u672a\u77e5\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>\u8bef\u7528shell\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>126<\/td><td>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>127<\/td><td>\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>128<\/td><td>\u65e0\u6548\u9000\u51fa\u53c2\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>128+x<\/td><td>Linux\u4fe1\u53f7x\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>130<\/td><td>\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7Ctrl+C\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>255<\/td><td>\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8d8a\u754c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>$?<\/code>\u4e13\u5c5e\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u67e5\u770bshell\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cshell\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7exit\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5927\u4e8e255\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%81\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%81\"><\/span>\u63a7\u5236\u6d41<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8if-then%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8if-then%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528if-then\u8bed\u53e5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if command\nthen\n\tcommands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684if\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e3a0\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528bool\u503c\u3002<br>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if command; then\n\tcommands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"if-then-else%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"if-then-else%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5\"><\/span>if-then-else\u8bed\u53e5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if command\nthen\n\tcommands\nelse\n\tcommands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%B5%8C%E5%A5%97if\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%B5%8C%E5%A5%97if\"><\/span>\u5d4c\u5957if<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if command\nthen\n\tcommands\nelif command2\nthen\n\tmore commands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>elif\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"test%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"test%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>test\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>if-then\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8ddf\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7test\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">test condition\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528test\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u5224\u65ad\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if test condition\nthen\n\tcommands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7b80\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if [ condition ]\nthen\n\tcommands\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5305\u88f9condition\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519<\/strong>\u3002<br><strong>\u4ee5\u53catest\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/strong>\u3002<br>\u4e0b\u9762\u8bb2\u8ff0test\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e09\u7c7b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><\/span>\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u6bd4\u8f83<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>n1 -eq n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u4e0en2\u76f8\u7b49<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n1 -ge n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8en2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n1 -gt n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8en2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n1 -le n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8en2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n1 -lt n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8en2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>n1 -ne n2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5n1\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8en2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><\/span>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u6bd4\u8f83<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>str1 = str2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u662f\u5426\u548cstr2\u76f8\u540c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>str1 != str2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u662f\u5426\u548cstr2\u4e0d\u540c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>str1 &lt; str2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u662f\u5426\u6bd4str2\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>str1 &gt; str2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u662f\u5426\u6bd4str2\u5927<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-n str1<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u975e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-z str1<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5str1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49<\/strong>&nbsp;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3,\u5728<code>if test condition<\/code>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48&gt;\u6216\u8005&lt;\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>test\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/strong>&nbsp;\u800c\u5728sort\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3atest\u547d\u4ee4\u6309\u7167ASCII\u6570\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800csort\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u524d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e66\u4e0a\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a0\u65f6\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d(\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26)\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5427\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n<em># testing string length<\/em>\nval1=testing\nval2=''\n\nif [ -n \"$val1\" ]\nthen\n  echo \"The string '$val1' is not empty\"\nelse\n  echo \"The string '$val2' is empty\"\nfi\n\nfi [ -z \"$val2\" ]\nthen\n  echo \"The string '$val2' is empty\"\nelse\n  echo \"The string '$val2' is not empty\"\nfi\n\nif [ -z \"$val3\" ]\nthen\n  echo \"The string '$val3' is empty\"\nelse\n  echo \"The string '$val3' is not empty\"\nif\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\/\u542b\u6709\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83\"><\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u8f83<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u6bd4\u8f83<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>-d file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-e file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-f file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-r file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u53ef\u8bfb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-s file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u975e\u7a7a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-w file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u53ef\u5199<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-x file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-O file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u5c5e\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6709<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-G file<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u540c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>file1 -nt file2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file1\u662f\u5426\u6bd4file2\u65b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>file1 -ot file2<\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5file1\u662f\u5426\u6bd4file2\u65e7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95\"><\/span>\u590d\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>if-then\u8bed\u53e5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u7ec4\u5408\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u53ef\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[ condition1 ] &amp;&amp; [ condition2 ]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ condition1 ] || [ condition2 ]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"if-then%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"if-then%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7\"><\/span>if-then\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%8C%E5%9C%86%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%8C%E5%9C%86%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>val++<\/td><td>\u540e\u589e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>val&#8211;<\/td><td>\u540e\u51cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>++val<\/td><td>\u5148\u589e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;val<\/td><td>\u5148\u51cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>!<\/td><td>\u903b\u8f91\u6c42\u53cd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>~<\/td><td>\u4f4d\u6c42\u53cd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>**<\/td><td>\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&lt;&lt;<\/td><td>\u5de6\u4f4d\u79fb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&gt;&gt;<\/td><td>\u53f3\u4f4d\u79fb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&amp;<\/td><td>\u4f4d\u5e03\u5c14\u4e0e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>|<\/td><td>\u4f4d\u5e03\u5c14\u6216<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&amp;&amp;<\/td><td>\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>||<\/td><td>\u903b\u8f91\u6216<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53cc\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002<br>\u53cc\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728if\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cc\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167test\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86test\u547d\u4ee4\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027&#8212;<strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d(pattern matching)<\/strong>\u3002<br>\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n<em># using pattern matching<\/em>\n\nif [[ $USER == r* ]]\nthen\n\techo \"Hello $USER\"\nelse\n\techo \"Sorry, I do not know you\"\nfi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"case%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>case\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5199\u7e41\u7410\u7684if-then-else\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528case\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">case variable in\npattern1 | pattern2) commands1;;\npattern3) commands2;;\n*) default commands;;\nesac\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>for\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for var in list\ndo\n\tcommands\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8005\u6362\u4e2a\u98ce\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for var in list: do\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\"><\/span>\u8bfb\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u503c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for test in Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado\ndo\n\techo The next state is $test\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u62ff\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\/\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26(\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf)\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%94%A8%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95\"><\/span>\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for file in \/home\/rich\/test\/*\n\tdo\n\t\tif [ -d \"$file\" ]\n\t\tthen\n\t\t\techo \"$file is a directory\"\n\t\telif [ -f \"$file\"]\n\t\tthen\n\t\t\techo \"$file is a file\"\n\t\tfi\n\tdone\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a<code>$file<\/code>\u52a0\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%84for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%84for%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>C\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u7684for\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for (( variable assignment; condition; iteration process ))\ndo\n\t...\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5faabash shell\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60ef\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6761\u4ef6(condition)\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u5f00\u5934\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b97\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528expr\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4e00\u4e2afor\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">for (( a=1, b=10; a&lt;=10; a++,b-- ))\ndo\n\t...\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"while%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"while%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>while\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">while\ttest command1\n\t\ttest command2\n\t\t...\n\t\ttest commandn\ndo\n\t...\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"until%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"until%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>until\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">until\ttest command1\n\t\ttest command2\n\t\t...\n\t\ttest commandn\ndo\n\t...\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0ewhile\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u6765\u505a\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"break%E4%B8%8Econtinue%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"break%E4%B8%8Econtinue%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>break\u4e0econtinue\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>break \u4e0eC\u4e2dbreak\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<code>break n <\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b(\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9an\u65f6)\uff0cn\u4e3a1\u3002n\u6bcf\u589e\u59271\uff0c\u5c31\u591a\u505c\u6b62\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continue \u4e0ebreak\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<code>continue n<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>shell\u811a\u672c\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0positional-parameter\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0positional_parameter\"><\/span>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570(positional parameter)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>$0<\/em>\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff0c<em>$1<\/em>\u5230*9*\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5230\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528*9\u2217\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5230\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u2217{10}*\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u52a0\u4e0a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>$0<\/em>\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u7f00(\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8bdd)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<em>basename<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u6389\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>$#<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570(\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u7528<code>${$#}<\/code>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684(\u5927\u6982\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26?)\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>${!#}<\/code>\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>$*<\/code>\u5219\u628a\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765(\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d)\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>$@<\/code>\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765(\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d)\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shift%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shift%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>shift\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u548cbatch\u4e2d\u7684shift\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u5f80\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f<code>$0<\/code>(\u5373\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d)\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f9d\u6b21\u5f80\u524d\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9C%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9C%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u5404\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<em>case<\/em>\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span><em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>getopt optstring options parameters<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>optstring<\/em>\u4e0e<em>C<\/em>\u4e2d<em>getopt<\/em>\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\u3002<em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u628a\u9009\u9879\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u4f1a\u7528\u53cc\u7834\u6298\u7ebf\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ getopt ab:cd -a -b test1 -cd test2 test3\n -a -b test1 -c -d -- test1 test2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u672a\u5728<em>optstring<\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528*-q*\u9009\u9879\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8getopt%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span>\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u8bed\u53e5\u7528<em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570(\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">set -- `getopt -q ab:c \"$@\"`\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"getopts%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"getopts%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4\"><\/span><em>getopts<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5e26\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<em>getopts<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>getopts<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">getopts optstring variable\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">#!\/bin\/bash\n<em># simple demonstration of the getopts command<\/em>\n\nwhile getopts :ab:c opt\ndo\n\tcase \"$opt\" in\n\ta)\techo \"Found the -a option\" ;;\n\tb)  echo \"Found the -b option, with value $OPTARG\";;\n\tc)\techo \"Found the -c option\" ;;\n\t*) echo \"Unknown option: $opt\" ;;\n\tesac\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002<em>OPTARG<\/em>\u53d8\u91cf\u50a8\u5b58\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u9009\u9879\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c<em>OPTIND<\/em>\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86<em>getopts<\/em>\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<br><em>getopts<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5bf9<em>getopt<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u683c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982<code>-abtest1<\/code>\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a<code>-a -b test1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u95ee\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u9192<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84linux%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84Linux%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\"><\/span>\u901a\u7528\u7684Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u9009\u9879<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>-a<\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-c<\/td><td>\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-d<\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-e<\/td><td>\u6269\u5c55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-f<\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfb\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-h<\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-i<\/td><td>\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u672c\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-l<\/td><td>\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u7248\u672c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-n<\/td><td>\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6279\u91cf)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-o<\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-q<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-r<\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-s<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-v<\/td><td>\u751f\u6210\u8be6\u7ec6\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-x<\/td><td>\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>-y<\/td><td>\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7b54yes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5\"><\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<em>read<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165(\u952e\u76d8)\u6216\u8005\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u3002<em>read<\/em>\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7bash\u7684<em>help<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7f57\u5217\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-p \u6307\u5b9a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-t \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-n \u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-s \u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a(\u6bd4\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53<em>read<\/em>\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c<em>read<\/em>\u4f1a\u5c06\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e00\u8d77\u8ffd\u52a0\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">while read line\ndo\n\techo $line\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u884c\u6ca1\u6709newline\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u5c11\u8bfb\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aread\u5728\u9047\u5230EOF\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de0\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b<code>help read<\/code>\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6210\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">while read line || [ -n \"$line\" ]\ndo\n\techo $line\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u8bfb\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u9047\u5230\u4e86EOF\uff0cread\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de0,\u4f46\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u662f\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u3002<br>\u7136\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5374\u8fd8\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5f53\u521d\u81ea\u5df1\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\u5199\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">while read line || [ -n $line ]\ndo\n\techo $line\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfline\u53d6\u503c\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53read\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cline\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684<code>[ -n $line ]<\/code>\u5224\u65ad\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e86<code>[ -n ]<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662ftrue\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u662ftrue\u5462\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u51e0\u53e5\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if [ ]; then echo yes; fi\nif [ -gt ]; then echo yes; fi\nif [ -lt ]; then echo yes; fi\nif [ -n ]; then echo yes; fi\nif [ &gt; ]; then echo yes; fi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u662ffalse\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f43\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u662ftrue\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u62a5\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5148\u67e5\u770btest\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c<code>help test<\/code>\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>See the bash manual page bash(1) for the handling of parameters (i.e. missing parameters).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u770b<code>man bash<\/code>\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679ctest\u547d\u4ee4(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<code>[ ]<\/code>)\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56detrue\u7684\u3002\u800c<code>[ &gt; ]<\/code>\u7279\u6b8a\u5728\u4e8e<code>&gt;<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<br>Stackoverflow\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/a\/20437193\/5357784\">\u56de\u7b54<\/a>\u4e5f\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u8bba\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c<code>[ STRING ]<\/code>\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u91cc\u9762\u7684STRING\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c<code>[ -lt ]<\/code>\u548c<code>[ -n ]<\/code>\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6b64\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u7167<code>[ STRING ]<\/code>\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e86\u3002<br>Hackerrank\u4e0a\u9762\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackerrank.com\/challenges\/bash-tutorials-concatenate-an-array-with-itself\/problem\">\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u51fd\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>function name { commands }<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>name() { commands }<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u5411\u811a\u672c\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%B0%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%BA%93%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%B0%86%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%BA%93%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8\"><\/span>\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">source lib.sh\n\u6216\u8005\n. lib.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>.\u662fsource<\/em>\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\/\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u58f0\u660e\/\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<code>local temp \u6216\u8005 local temp=`hello world`<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shell%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shell%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>shell\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u4ea4\u4e92\u56fe\u5f62\u7ec4\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u60f3\u8ba9shell\u811a\u672c\u548c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e00\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84read%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8Ccase%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E6%9D%A5%E8%AE%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%84read%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8Ccase%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E6%9D%A5%E8%AE%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u7684<em>read<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u548c<em>case<\/em>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8select%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%9D%A5%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8select%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%9D%A5%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528<em>select<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">select variable in list\ndo\n\tcommands\ndone\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8dialog%E5%8C%85\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8dialog%E5%8C%85\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528<em>dialog<\/em>\u5305<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">dialog --widget parameters\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>dialog<\/em>\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230<strong>STDERR<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9B%B4%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84dialog%E5%8C%85\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9B%B4%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84dialog%E5%8C%85\"><\/span>\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684<em>dialog<\/em>\u5305<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>KDE\u4e0b\u6709<em>kdialog<\/em>\uff0cGNOME\u4e0b\u6709<em>gdialog<\/em>\u548c<em>zenity<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linux%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>Linux\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/th><th>\u7f29\u5199<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0<\/td><td>STDIN<\/td><td>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>STDOUT<\/td><td>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>STDERR<\/td><td>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165 \u4f7f\u7528<code>&lt;<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa \u4f7f\u7528<code>&gt;<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5982\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<code>&gt;&gt;<\/code>\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>2 &gt; filename<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5230\u540d\u4e3a<em>filename<\/em>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>1&gt;file1 2&gt;file2<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<em>file1<\/em>\uff0c\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<em>file2<\/em>\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>&amp;&gt;<\/code>\u7684\u7b80\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%AD%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>&gt;&amp;2<\/code>(\u4e3a\u533a\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u524d\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2a<code>&amp;<\/code>)\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230STDERR\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>exec 1&gt;filename<\/code>\u5c06STDOUT\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<em>filename<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u7406<code>exec 2&gt;filename<\/code>\u5c06STDERR\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230<em>filename<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>exec 0&lt; filename<\/code>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a<em>filename<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>shell\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u67099\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5176\u4ed66\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4ece3\u6392\u52308\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&nbsp;<code>exec 3&gt;filename<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>exec 3&gt;&amp;1<\/code>\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">exec 3&gt;&amp;1\nexec 1&gt;testout\n\ncode...\n\nexec 1&gt;&amp;3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%BB%E5%86%99%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>exec 3&lt;&gt; testfile<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u548cUnix\/Linux\u91cc\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>exec 3&gt;&amp;-<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u5217\u51fa\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>lsof<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%98%BB%E6%AD%A2%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%98%BB%E6%AD%A2%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><\/span>\u963b\u6b62\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>&gt; \/dev\/null<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6\"><\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u672c\u5730\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&nbsp;<code>mktemp filename.XXXXXX<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6&nbsp;<code>mktemp -t filename.XXXXXX<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55&nbsp;<code>mktemp -d dirname.XXXXXX<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91\"><\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u8fb9\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u8fb9\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u62f7\u8d1d\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528tee\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">command &lt;args...&gt;  | tee &lt;path-to-output-file&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>tee\u547d\u4ee4\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u662fstdout\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679ccommand\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7stderr\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5462\uff1f<br>\u9996\u5148\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662fbash\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<code>|<\/code>\u53ea\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411(\u8fd9\u4e2a&#8221;\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#8221;\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u8fde\u63a5) \u524d\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u7684stdout\u5230tee\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981tee\u547d\u4ee4\u6355\u83b7\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684stderr\u8f93\u51fa \uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8ba9\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684stderr\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411(\u8fd9\u4e2a&#8221;\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411&#8221;\u662f\u6307\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411)\u5230\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 stdout\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0bbash\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u8ba9\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684stderr\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 stdout\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\"><em>#\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6548\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u65b9\u5f0f<\/em>\n&lt;command&gt; 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;path-to-output-file&gt;\n<em>#|&amp;\u662f2&gt;&amp;1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0chttps:\/\/unix.stackexchange.com\/a\/24340\/191816<\/em>\n&lt;command&gt; |&amp; tee &lt;path-to-output-file&gt;\n<em>#\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd9\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684stderr\u90fd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230stdout\u4e86<\/em>\nexec 2&gt;&amp;1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8bash%E6%94%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Bash%E6%94%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8C%85\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528Bash\u6536\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/tldp.org\/LDP\/abs\/html\/devref1.html\">pseudo device<\/a>\uff0cshell\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6536\u53d1UDP\/TCP\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">exec 5&lt;&gt;\/dev\/tcp\/www.baidu.com\/80\necho -e \"GET \/ HTTP\/1.0\\n\" &gt;&amp;t\ncat &lt;&amp;5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\/dev\/tcp<\/code>\u548c<code>\/dev\/udp<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u7528\u6765\u6536\u53d1TCP\u534f\u8bae\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>bash shell\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4f5c<strong>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(enviroment variables)<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u5173shell\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9shell\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709shell\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf \u53ea\u5bf9\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684shell\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">printenv\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5355\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo $VAR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u5c40\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<code>set<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c40\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf \u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u8d4b\u503c\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<code>test=testing <\/code>\u5982\u679c\u503c\u91cc\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u5426\u5219shell\u4f1a\u88ab\u7a7a\u683c\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f53\u505a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf \u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<br>\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528<code>export VAR=VAL<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<code>test=testing echo $test export test <\/code>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528export\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u5220\u9664\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528unset\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">unset test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5220\u9664\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u5bf9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4shell%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4shell%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>bash shell\u652f\u6301\u7684Bourne\u53d8\u91cf\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bash shell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542f\u52a8bash shell\u67093\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u5f53\u505a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55shell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u767b\u5f55shell\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u7684\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95shell\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95shell\"><\/span>\u767b\u5f55shell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u767b\u5f55Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0cbash shell\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55shell\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u767b\u5f55shell\u4f1a\u4ece4\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662fbash shell\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\/etc\/profile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$HOME\/.bash_profile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$HOME\/.bash_login<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$HOME\/.profile<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\/etc\/profile\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684bash shell\u7684\u4e3b\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u59163\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u3002 \u5269\u4e0b\u76843\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u8d77\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u53ea\u7528\u8fd93\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u7684Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ea\u6709HOME\/.profile\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6<em>H<\/em><em>O<\/em><em>M<\/em><em>E<\/em>\/.<em>p<\/em><em>r<\/em><em>o<\/em><em>f<\/em><em>i<\/em><em>l<\/em><em>e<\/em>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6HOME\/.bashrc\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6ePATH\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\"><\/span>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684bash shell\u4e0d\u662f\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u6572\u5165bash\u542f\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u542f\u52a8\u7684shell\u79f0\u4f5c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u767b\u5f55shell\u4e00\u6837\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6765\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<br>\u5982\u679cbash\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\/etc\/profile\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u53bb\u7528\u6237\u7684HOME\u76ee\u5f55\u68c0\u67e5.bashrc\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u6211\u7684Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728$HOME\/.bashrc\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u522b\u540d\u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<br>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u624d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4efb\u4f55\u5b50shell\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8Fshell\"><\/span>\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884cshell\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cdshell\uff0cbash shell\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<strong>BASH_ENV<\/strong>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5f53shell\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fshell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\uff0cshell\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528unset\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53d6\u6d88\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cunset\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u521b\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">alias li='ls -il`\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">alias -p\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linux%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>Linux\u4fe1\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u4fe1\u53f7<\/th><th>\u503c<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>SIGHUP<\/td><td>\u6302\u8d77\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>SIGINT<\/td><td>\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>SIGQUIT<\/td><td>\u505c\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>SIGKILL<\/td><td>\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>SIGTERM<\/td><td>\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>SIGSTOP<\/td><td>\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u505c\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>SIGTSTP<\/td><td>\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>SIGCONT<\/td><td>\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cbash shell\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55SIGQUIT\u548cSIGTERM\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679cbash shell\u6536\u5230\u4e86SIGHUP\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06SIGHUP\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9shell\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u6bd4\u5982shell\u811a\u672c)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7SIGINT\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u65adshell\u3002\u540c\u65f6shell\u4f1a\u5c06SIGINT\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9shell\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u4fe1\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\"><\/span>\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ctrl+C\uff1aSIGINT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9A%82%E5%81%9C%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9A%82%E5%81%9C%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B\"><\/span>\u6682\u505c\u8fdb\u7a0b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ctrl+Z\uff1aSIGTSTP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ sleep 1000\n^Z\n[1]+\tStopped\t\t\t\tsleep 1000\n$\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">ps au\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728STAT\u4e00\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aT\u7684\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7\"><\/span>\u6355\u6349\u4fe1\u53f7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">trap commands signals\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>commands\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9\u4ee5\u548csignals\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%A7%BB%E9%99%A4%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%A7%BB%E9%99%A4%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89\"><\/span>\u79fb\u9664\u6355\u6349<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">trap - signals\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6\"><\/span>\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BB%A5%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BB%A5%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><\/span>\u4ee5\u540e\u53f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a&amp;\u5373\u53ef\u3002<br><strong>\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fashell\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u811a\u672c\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9C%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><\/span>\u5728\u975e\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">nohup prog &amp;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u4f7fshell\u9000\u51fa\uff0cshell\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528nohup\u540e\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728nohup.out\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><\/span>\u67e5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>jobs<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dshell\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002jobs\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u6570 | \u63cf\u8ff0 -l | \u5217\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7 -n | \u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0a\u6b21shell\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a -p | \u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684PID -r | \u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a -s | \u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>jobs\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5e26\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5b8c\u6210\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u52a0\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u51cf\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1shell\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5404\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><\/span>\u91cd\u542f\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">bg JOB_NUM\nfg JOB_NUM\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%B0%A6%E8%AE%A9%E5%BA%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%B0%A6%E8%AE%A9%E5%BA%A6\"><\/span>\u8c26\u8ba9\u5ea6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>nice\u503c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a-20\u523019\uff0c\u8d8anice\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8Dshell%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84nice%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8Dshell%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84nice%E5%80%BC\"><\/span>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dshell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684nice\u503c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">nice\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Anice%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9Anice%E5%80%BC\"><\/span>\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u6307\u5b9anice\u503c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">nice -n prog\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>nice\u547d\u4ee4\u963b\u6b62\u666e\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4nice%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4nice%E5%80%BC\"><\/span>\u8c03\u6574nice\u503c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">renice NICE_VAL -p PID \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9A%E6%97%B6%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><\/span>\u5b9a\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">at [-f filename] time\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5206\u949f\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u598210:15\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>~AM\/~PM\u6307\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u6bd4\u598210:15~PM\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7279\u5b9a\u53ef\u547d\u540d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982now\u3001noon\u3001midnight\u6216\u8005teatime\uff084~PM\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cat\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982MMDDYY\u3001MM\/DD\/YY\u6216DD.MM.YY\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6587\u672c\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Jul 4\u6216Dec 25\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0d\u52a0\u5e74\u4efd\u5747\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4+25min\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u660e\u592910:15~PM\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10:15+7\u5929<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528at\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217(job queue)\u4e2d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u901a\u8fc7at\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5f85\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcda~z\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5e8f\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cat\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230at\u4f5c\u4e1a\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fd0\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528-q\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u961f\u5217\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>batch\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662fat\u7684alias\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7528\u6cd5\u67e5\u770bmanual\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u4efb\u4f55\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684E-mail\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3aSTDOUT\u548cSTDERR\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d4b\u7ed9\/bin\/sh\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u662fbash shell\u3002\u4f46Ubuntu\u5c06dash shell\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4shell\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E7%AD%89%E5%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><\/span>\u5217\u51fa\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">atq\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%9A\"><\/span>\u5220\u9664\u4f5c\u4e1a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">atrm JOB_NUM\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC\"><\/span>\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>cron\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"\">min hour dayofmonth month dayofweek command\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26(\u661f\u53f7)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5929\u6267\u884c\uff1a<code>00 12 * * * if [<\/code>date +%d -d tomorrow<code>= 01 ] ; then : command<\/code><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8\"><\/span>\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u8868<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">crontab -e\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bcrontab%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bcrontab%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9\"><\/span>\u67e5\u770bcrontab\u5185\u5bb9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">crontab -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8Cmap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8Cmap\"><\/span>Bash\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u548cmap<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u6e05\u9192\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/1494178\/how-to-define-hash-tables-in-bash\">Bash 4<\/a>\u662f\u652f\u6301map\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8fd8\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3aBash\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u6ca1\u6709\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u6d3b\uff0c\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3cmap\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5199\u590d\u6742\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bash%E4%B8%ADmap%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bash%E4%B8%ADMap%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artificialworlds.net\/blog\/2012\/10\/17\/bash-associative-array-examples\/\">Bash\u4e2dMap\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89\"><\/span>\u58f0\u660e(\u5b9a\u4e49)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">declare -A mymap\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>-A<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmymap\u4e86\u3002<br>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5c31\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u4e9bkey\u548cval:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">declare -A mymap=( [key1]=val1 [key2]=val2 [key3]=val3 )\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC\"><\/span>\u8d4b\u503c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">mymap[key]=val\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AEkey%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BEval\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%A0%B9%E6%8D%AEkey%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BEval\"><\/span>\u6839\u636ekey\u67e5\u627eval<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo ${mymap[key]}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4key\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4key\"><\/span>\u5220\u9664key<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">unset mymap[key]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u540e\u6216\u8005map\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2akey\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53bb\u53d6map\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2akey\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684val\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u503c\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u3002\u548cc++\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0cc++\u53ea\u8981\u7528<code>[]<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2akey\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63d2\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2akey\uff0c\u800cBash\u4e2d\u7684map\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u624d\u4f1a\u63d2\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2akey\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AAkey\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AAkey\"><\/span>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2akey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8emap\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684key\uff0c\u4f60\u53d6\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684val\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e2akey\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684val\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u503c\u8fd8\u662fmap\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2akey\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">if [ ${mymap[key]+_} ]\nthen\n  echo found\nfi\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AAmap\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AAmap\"><\/span>\u5220\u9664\u6574\u4e2amap<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">unset mymap\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u628amap\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u7a7a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5148unset\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u6837\u7684map\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6key\u7684\u96c6\u5408<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo ${!mymap[@]}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96val%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96val%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6val\u7684\u96c6\u5408<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo ${mymap[@]}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96key%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6key\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo ${#mymap[@]}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bash%E4%B8%ADarray%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bash%E4%B8%ADArray%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artificialworlds.net\/blog\/2013\/09\/18\/bash-arrays\/\">Bash\u4e2dArray\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u6e05\u4e86map\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u987a\u4fbf\u4e5f\u7406\u4e00\u4e0bbash\u4e2d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89-2\"><\/span>\u58f0\u660e(\u5b9a\u4e49)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">declare -a myarr\ndeclare -a myarr=(a b c)\nmyarr=(a b c)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>myarr[index]=val<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9690\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u8c8c\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amap\u800c\u4e0d\u662farray\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u7ec4\u8c8c\u4f3c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3amap\u7684\uff0ckey\u5c31\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\u8bbf\u95eemap\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u7ed9\u4f60\u8f6c\u6210map\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6211\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53d8\u6210\u8ddfmap\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2amap\u91cc\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f1,\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4f60\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a0,1,2,3\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo ${#myarr[@]}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C\"><\/span>\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003map\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"readarray%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"readarray%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0\"><\/span>readarray\u51fd\u6570<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F\"><\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2amap\u6216\u8005\u6570\u7ec4\u7ed9Bash\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">declare -A mymap=( [key1]=val1 [key2]=val2 )\nfunction printMap () {\n  local -n localMap=$1\n  echo ${localMap[@]}\n}\nprintMap mymap\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5e73\u5e38\u90a3\u6837\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a<code>$<\/code>\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>local -n<\/code>(\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528<code>declare -n<\/code>)\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7684map\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8filter\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8filter\"><\/span>\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528filter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u628a\u542b\u6709\u5b57\u6bcda\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ed9\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u7a7a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo  ${Array[@]\/*[aA]*\/}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bash%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\"><\/span>Bash\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u7ec4\u5427\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u6837\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AA%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AA%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/5349718\/how-can-i-repeat-a-character-in-bash\">\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">printf '=%.0s' {1..100}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/9318021\/change-string-char-at-index-x\">\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7528sed\u627e\u5230\u7b2cx\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7528bash\u4e2d\u4e3astring\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">echo $theStr | sed s\/.\/A\/5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">a=\"............\"\nb=\"${a:0:4}A${a:5}\"\necho ${b}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B\"><\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-bash-programming\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advanced_Bash_Programming\"><\/span>Advanced Bash Programming<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0cAdvanced Bash Programming\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u70b9\u8001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bb2\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\uff0c\u5199Bash\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u5199\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u4e0b\u770b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86\"><\/span>\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>kill by job id<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">kill %job_id<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6 \u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a \u5207\u5165\u6b63\u9898\uff1a \u7528\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4 \u5982\u679c\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u63d0\u793a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff1a \u521b\u5efashell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u5728\u521b\u5efashell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","tag-bash"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1727,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/1727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}