{"id":9,"date":"2021-05-22T11:19:50","date_gmt":"2021-05-22T03:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9"},"modified":"2021-05-22T21:30:16","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T13:30:16","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8c11-%e7%ac%ac1%e7%ab%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u5e94\u7528C++11\u7b14\u8bb0 \u7b2c1\u7ae0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2a4d0ea1f2c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2a4d0ea1f2c\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8c11%E8%AE%A9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9B%B4%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E3%80%81%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96\" >\u4f7f\u7528c++11\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82%E6%94%B9%E8%BF%9B\" >\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6539\u8fdb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96\" >\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E7%9A%84for%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF\" >\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u7684for\u5faa\u73af<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#std_function%E5%92%8Cbind%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%99%A8\" >std::function\u548cbind\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5668<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#lambda%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F\" >lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=9\/#tuple%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84\" >tuple\u5143\u7ec4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8c11%E8%AE%A9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%9B%B4%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E3%80%81%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96\"><\/span>\u4f7f\u7528c++11\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%86%E8%8A%82%E6%94%B9%E8%BF%9B\"><\/span>\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6539\u8fdb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C++11\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u53f3\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C++98\/03\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u53f3\u89c1\u62ec\u53f7\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u53f3\u79fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f3\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u4e0a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002C++11\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template&lt;typename Val&gt;\nusing str_map_t = std::map&lt;std::string, Val&gt;;\n\/\/...\nstr_map_t&lt;int&gt; map1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9astd::string\u4e3akey\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u677f<code>str_map_t<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>template &lt;typename T&gt;\nusing type_t = T;\n\/\/...\ntype_t&lt;int&gt; i;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684<code>type_t&lt;int&gt;<\/code>\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8eint\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728C++98\/03\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u5374\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u5728C++11\u4e2d\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u652f\u6301\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u540d\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u968f<code>&lt;&gt;<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5145\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96\"><\/span>\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728C++98\/03\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u666e\u901a\u6570\u7ec4\u548cPOD\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868(initializer list)\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5728c++11\u4e2d\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c<code>{}<\/code>\u524d\u9762\u5199\u4e0d\u5199<code>=<\/code>\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u9020\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u518d\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff1bnew\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u6ca1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>int* a = new int { 123 };\ndouble b = double { 12.12 };\nint* arr = new int&#91;3]{1, 2, 3};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684b\u662f\u5148\u5bf9\u533f\u540d\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0a\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b(Aggregates)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u6709\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6570\u7ec4(\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u975e\u805a\u4f1a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u7ec4)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6307C\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5bb9\u5668\uff1b<\/li><li>\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b(class, struct, union)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff1a<ul><li>\u65e0\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1b<\/li><li>\u65e0\u79c1\u6709(Private)\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4(Protected)\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\uff1b<\/li><li>\u65e0\u57fa\u7c7b\uff1b<\/li><li>\u65e0\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff1b<\/li><li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709<code>{}<\/code>\u6216\u8005<code>=<\/code>\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316(brace-or-equal-initializer)\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458(\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662fc++11\u65b0\u52a0\u7684)\uff1b<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u975e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u975e\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u662f\u975e\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u505a\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u805a\u4f1a\u7c7b\u578b\u91cc\u7684\u975e\u805a\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528<code>{}<\/code>\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c++11\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u672a\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u60f3\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>std::initializer_list<\/code>\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Foo\n{\npublic:\n  Foo(std::initializer_list&lt;int&gt;){}\n};\n\nFoo foo = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; \/\/ OK!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>std::initializer_list<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3clist\u7684\u63a5\u53e3(<code>begin()<\/code>\u3001<code>end()<\/code>\u3001<code>size()<\/code>)\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ea\u662f<code>std::initializer_list<\/code>\u91cc\u5b58\u7684\u90fd\u662fconst\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4fee\u6539<code>std::initializer_list<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a<code>std::initializer_list<\/code>\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9632\u6b62\u7c7b\u578b\u6536\u7a84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u8005\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4ece\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\uff1b<\/li><li>\u4ece\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1b<\/li><li>\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u8868\u793a\u8303\u56f4\uff1b<\/li><li>\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u8868\u793a\u8303\u56f4\uff1b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E7%9A%84for%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF\"><\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u7684for\u5faa\u73af<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">for\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199auto\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u652f\u6301\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     std::vector&lt;int&gt; arr;\n     for(int n : arr);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u503c\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u5f15\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>      for(auto &amp;n : arr)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">range based for loop\u53ea\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u9762\u4fee\u6539\u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">range based for loop\u652f\u6301\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cfor\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u5148\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u7684<code>begin()<\/code>\u548c<code>end()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4dbegin\u3001end\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u7684<code>begin()<\/code>\u3001<code>end()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u652f\u6301<code>begin()<\/code>\u3001<code>end()<\/code>\u548c\u524d\u7f6e\u81ea\u589e\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"std_function%E5%92%8Cbind%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%99%A8\"><\/span>std::function\u548cbind\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5668<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61(Callable Objects)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488;<\/li><li>\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61(\u6216\u8005\u4eff\u51fd\u6570)\uff1a\u5177\u6709<code>operator()<\/code>\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61;<\/li><li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61;<\/li><li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6210\u5458(\u51fd\u6570)\u6307\u9488;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">std::function\u662f\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3<strong>\u9664\u4e86\u7c7b\u6210\u5458(\u51fd\u6570)\u6307\u9488\u4e4b\u5916<\/strong>\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">std::function\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d(\u5373\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u8868)\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   std::function&lt;void(void)&gt; fr1;\n   std::function&lt;int(int)&gt; fr2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">std::bind\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ed9\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   auto fr = std::bind(output, std::placeholders::_1);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bind\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2astd::function\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684<code>std::place_holders::_1<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7531\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7ed9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<code>place_holders<\/code>\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8be5\u7a7a\u4f4d\u53c2\u6570\u53d6\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   void output(int x, int y)\n   {\n     cout &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; ' ' &lt;&lt; y;\n   }\n   int main(int argc, char **argv)\n   {\n     std::bind(output, 1, 2,)();\n     std::bind(output, std::placeholders::_1, 2)(1);\n     std::bind(output, 2, std::placeholders::_1)(1);\n     std::bind(output, 2, std::placeholders::_2)(1, 2);\n     return 0;\n   }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">std::bind\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5165std::function\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1bstd::bind\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97bind1st\u548cbind2nd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff1bstd::bind\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   using std::placeholders::_1;\n   \/\/\u67e5\u627e\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5927\u4e8e5\u5c0f\u4e8e10\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\n   auto f = std::bind(std::logical_and&lt;bool&gt;(),\n                      std::bind(std::greater&lt;int&gt;(), _1, 5),\n                      std::bind(std::less_equal&lt;int&gt;(), _1, 10));\n   int count = std::count_if(coll.begin(), coll.end(), f);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lambda%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F\"><\/span>lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   &#91; capture ] (params) opt -&gt; ret { body; };<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4e2dcapture\u662f\u6355\u83b7\u5217\u8868\uff1bparams\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff1bopt\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u9009\u9879\uff1bret\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1bbody\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636ereturn\u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\uff1b<\/li><li>lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff1b<\/li><li>lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5217\u8868\u6355\u83b7\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<ul><li><code>[]<\/code>\u4e0d\u6355\u83b7\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/li><li><code>[&amp;]<\/code>\u6355\u83b7\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528(\u6309\u5f15\u7528\u6355\u83b7)\uff1b<\/li><li><code>[=]<\/code>\u6355\u83b7\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u526f\u672c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528(\u6309\u503c\u6355\u83b7)\uff1b<\/li><li><code>[=,&amp;foo]<\/code>\u6309\u503c\u6355\u83b7\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u5f15\u7528\u6355\u83b7foo\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/li><li><code>[bar]<\/code>\u6309\u81f3\u6355\u83b7bar\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u6355\u83b7\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/li><li><code>[this]<\/code>\u6355\u83b7\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684this\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8ba9lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<code>&amp;<\/code>\u6216\u8005<code>=<\/code>\uff0c\u5c31\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6355\u83b7this\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728lambda\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/li><li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8c03\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u503c\u6355\u83b7\u7684lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2alambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u5df2\u7ecf\u590d\u5236\u5230lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u91cc\u4e86\uff1b<\/li><li>lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6309\u503c\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u58f0\u660elambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u52a0\u4e0amutable\u4fee\u9970\uff1a<code>auto f2 = [=]() mutable { return a++; };<\/code><\/li><li>lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5728C++11\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;\u95ed\u5305\u7c7b\u578b(Closure Type)&#8221;\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709<code>operator()<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u3002lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u5c31\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u95ed\u5305\u7684&#8221;\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6&#8221;\u3002lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6700\u7ec8\u5747\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u95ed\u5305\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6355\u83b7\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u7684lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\uff1b<\/li><li>\u56e0\u4e3alambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684<code>operator()<\/code>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662fconst\u7684\uff0c\u800cconst\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800cmutable\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88<code>operator()<\/code>\u7684const\uff1b<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tuple%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84\"><\/span>tuple\u5143\u7ec4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tuple\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u6cdb\u5316\u7684pair\u3002tuple\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u521b\u5efatuple<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     tuple&lt;const char*, int&gt;tp = make_tuple(sendPack, nSendSize);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528std::tie\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5de6\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     int x = 1;\n     int y = 2;\n     string s = \"aa\";\n     auto tp = std::tie(x, s, y);\n     \/\/tp\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u9645\u662fstd::tuple&lt;int&amp;, string&amp;, int&amp;&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u503c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     const char *data = tp.get&lt;0&gt;(); \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\n     int len = tp.get&lt;1&gt;();\t\t\t \/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528<code>std::tie<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>     int x, y;\n     string a;\n     std::tie(x, a, y) = tp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<code>std::ignore<\/code>\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u89e3\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>std::tie(std::ignore, std::ignore, y) = tp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>forward_as_tuple<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.cppreference.com\/w\/cpp\/utility\/tuple\/forward_as_tuple\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.cppreference.com\/w\/cpp\/utility\/tuple\/forward_as_tuple\">https:\/\/en.cppreference.com\/w\/cpp\/utility\/tuple\/forward_as_tuple<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u770b\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5305\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8d77\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7528tuple_cat\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2atuple<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528c++11\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316 \u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6539\u8fdb C++11\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u53f3\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u3002 C++98\/03\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u53f3\u89c1\u62ec\u53f7\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u53f3\u79fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6a21\u677f&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[8,7,9],"class_list":["post-9","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","tag-c","tag-c11","tag-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}