{"id":945,"date":"2021-12-19T11:42:49","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T03:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945"},"modified":"2021-12-19T11:42:54","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T03:42:54","slug":"linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945","title":{"rendered":"Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea008e499bf\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea008e499bf\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945\/#Linux%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84\" >Linux\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945\/#Linux%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8\" >Linux\u5185\u6838<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945\/#GNU%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE\" >GNU\u5de5\u5177\u94fe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=945\/#Linux%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\" >Linux\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linuxe79a84e69eb6e69e84-1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84\"><\/span>Linux\u7684\u67b6\u6784<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u6b65\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Linux\u5185\u6838<\/li><li>GNU\u5de5\u5177\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li><li>\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883<\/li><li>\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linuxe58685e6a0b8-1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8\"><\/span>Linux\u5185\u6838<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<br>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\uff1b<ul><li>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<code>cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/code><\/li><li>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u9875\u9762\uff1a<code>ipcs -m<\/code><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ba1\u7406<ul><li>\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9bLinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e13\u95e8\u6587\u4ef6*\/etc\/inittab<em>\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5982Ubuntu\u5219\u91c7\u7528<\/em>\/etc\/init.d<em>\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5c06\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672c\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u901a\u8fc7<\/em>\/etc\/rcX.d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u91ccX\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7(run level)\u3002<br>Linux\u7684init\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86init\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c_\/etc\/inittab\/<em>\u6587\u4ef6\u6216<\/em>\/etc\/rcX.d_\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u67097\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u3002<br>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u4e3a1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<strong>\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7d27\u6025\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff09\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002<br>\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u662f3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aLinux\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u662f5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u7684X Window\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u684c\u9762\u7a97\u53e3\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<br>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u4ece3\u8c03\u6574\u62105\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u6210\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316X Window\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2arcS.d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u624d\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684run level\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u6982\u6bd41\u7ea7\u522b\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u636e\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9brun level\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3abackward compatible\u624d\u88ab\u7ee7\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3002<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<br>\u5728Linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u63d2\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<ul><li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fdb\u5185\u6838\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\uff1b<\/li><li>\u53ef\u63d2\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\uff1b<\/li><\/ul>Linux\u4e2d\u5c06\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u5f53\u6210\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4e3a3\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<ul><li>\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><li>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li><\/ul>\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u6307\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668\u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u90fd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6307\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6bcf\u6b21\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5927\u5757\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u786c\u76d8\u3002<br>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6307\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u5361\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u56de\u73af\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56de\u73af\u8bbe\u5907\u5141\u8bb8Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u534f\u8bae\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<br>Linux\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f9bLinux\u5185\u6838\u6807\u8bc6\u5b83\u3002\u6570\u503c\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u4e0b\u3002\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<br>\u5728\u7528ls\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u91cc\u7684b\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cc\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li><li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ext<\/td><td>Linux\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ext2<\/td><td>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728ext\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ext3<\/td><td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ext4<\/td><td>\u7b2c\u56db\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>hpfs<\/td><td>OS\/2\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>jfs<\/td><td>IBM\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>iso9660<\/td><td>ISO 9660\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf (CD-ROM)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>minix<\/td><td>MINIX\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>msdos<\/td><td>\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684FAT16<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ncp<\/td><td>Netware\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>nfs<\/td><td>\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ntfs<\/td><td>\u652f\u6301Microsoft NT\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>proc<\/td><td>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ReiserFS<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u7ea7Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u786c\u76d8\u6062\u590d\u529f\u80fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>smb<\/td><td>\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684Samba SMB\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sysv<\/td><td>\u8f83\u65e9\u671f\u7684Unix\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ufs<\/td><td>BSD\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>umsdos<\/td><td>\u8d2e\u5b58\u5728msdos\u4e0a\u7684\u7c7bUnix\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vfat<\/td><td>Windows 95\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(FAT32)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>XFS<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd64\u4f4d\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u4f9bLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210\u4e0a\u8868\u6240\u5217\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<br>Linux\u5185\u6838\u91c7\u7528\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(Virtual File System, VFS)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3aLinux\u5185\u6838\u540c\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0cVFS\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gnue5b7a5e585b7e993be-1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GNU%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE\"><\/span>GNU\u5de5\u5177\u94fe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6838\u5fc3GNU\u5de5\u5177\u94feGNU\u9879\u76ee\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3aUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7bUnix\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u79fb\u690d\u4e86\u5f88\u591aUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e3aLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3acoreutils(core utilities)\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002GNU coreutils\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u75313\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210:<ul><li>\u7528\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b<\/li><li>\u7528\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b<\/li><li>\u7528\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>shell\u6240\u6709Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684shell\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662fbash shell\u3002bash shell\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6Unix shell &#8211; Bourne shell(\u6cbf\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57)\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531GNU\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3002bash shell\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2aBourne shell\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aBourne again shell\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>shell<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ash<\/td><td>\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u53d7\u9650\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7shell\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0ebash shell\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>korn<\/td><td>\u4e0eBourne shell\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u7f16\u7a0bshell\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5173\u8054\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tcsh<\/td><td>\u5c06C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5f15\u5165\u5230shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684shell<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>zsh<\/td><td>\u5c06bash\uff0ctcsh\u548ckorn\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u5316\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7shell<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linuxe6a18ce99da2e78eafe5a283-1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Linux%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83\"><\/span>Linux\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>X window\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li><li>KDE<\/li><li>GNOME<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u7684\u67b6\u6784 Linux\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u6b65\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a Linux\u5185\u6838 GNU\u5de5\u5177\u7ec4\u4ef6 \u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883 \u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6 Linux\u5185\u6838 \u5185\u6838\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff1a \u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\uff1b&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":946,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945\/revisions\/946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}