{"id":952,"date":"2021-12-19T11:57:16","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T03:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952"},"modified":"2021-12-19T11:57:21","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T03:57:21","slug":"apiue%e8%af%bb%e4%b9%a6%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0chapter2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952","title":{"rendered":"APIUE\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0chapter2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28d739dd8d8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28d739dd8d8\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#Unix%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86\" >Unix\u6807\u51c6<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#ISO_C\" >ISO C<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#IEEE_POSIX\" >IEEE POSIX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#XOpen_System_InterfacesXSI\" >X\/Open System Interfaces(XSI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#FIPS\" >FIPS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#UNIX_%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0\" >UNIX \u5b9e\u73b0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#Limits\" >Limits<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/?p=952\/#%E4%B9%A0%E9%A2%98\" >\u4e60\u9898<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"unix%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unix%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86\"><\/span>Unix\u6807\u51c6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iso-c\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISO_C\"><\/span>ISO C<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u521d\u7531ANSI\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u800c\u8ba2\u5236\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f6f\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u90fd\u8fd8\u662fc99\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f2011\u5e74\u7684\u300299\u5e74\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<em>restrict<\/em>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<br>ISO C library\uff0cFreeBSD\u3001Linux\u3001Mac OS X\u3001Solaris\u90fd\u652f\u6301\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Header<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>assert.h<\/td><td>\u65ad\u8a00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>complex.h<\/td><td>\u590d\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ctype.h<\/td><td>character classification and mapping support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>errno.h<\/td><td>\u9519\u8bef\u7801<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>fenv.h<\/td><td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u73af\u5883<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>float.h<\/td><td>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5e38\u91cf\u548c\u7279\u6027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>inttypes.h<\/td><td>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>iso646.h<\/td><td>\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4e00\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b8f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>limits.h<\/td><td>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>locale.h<\/td><td>\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u5173<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>math.h<\/td><td>\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u5e38\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>setjmp.h<\/td><td>\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u8df3\u8f6c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>signal.h<\/td><td>\u4fe1\u53f7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stdarg.h<\/td><td>\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stdbool.h<\/td><td>\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stddef.h<\/td><td>\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stdint.h<\/td><td>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stdio.h<\/td><td>\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>stdlib.h<\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>string.h<\/td><td>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd0\u7b97<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tgmath.h<\/td><td>type-generic math macros<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>time.h<\/td><td>\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65e5\u671f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wchar.h<\/td><td>\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wctype.h<\/td><td>\u5bbd\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u6620\u5c04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ieee-posix\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IEEE_POSIX\"><\/span>IEEE POSIX<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IEEE\u641e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0cPortable Operating System Interface\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5404\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5efa\u8bae\u5404\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\/\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u63a5\u53e3(\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5)\u3002<br>POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Header<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>aio.h<\/td><td>\u5f02\u6b65IO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>cpio.h<\/td><td>cpio archive values<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>dirent.h<\/td><td>directory entries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>dlfcn.h<\/td><td>\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>fcntl.h<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>fnmatch.h<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>glob.h<\/td><td>\u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u548c\u751f\u6210<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>grp.h<\/td><td>group file<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>iconv.h<\/td><td>\u7f16\u7801\u8f6c\u6362<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>langinfo.h<\/td><td>\u8bed\u8a00\u4fe1\u606f\u5e38\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>monetary.h<\/td><td>\u94b1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>netdb.h<\/td><td>\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>nl_types.h<\/td><td>message catalogs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>poll.h<\/td><td>poll\u51fd\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>pthread.h<\/td><td>\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>pwd.h<\/td><td>\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>regex.h<\/td><td>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sched.h<\/td><td>\u8c03\u5ea6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>semaphore.h<\/td><td>\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>strings.h<\/td><td>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tar.h<\/td><td><em>tar<\/em>&nbsp;archive values<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>termios.h<\/td><td>\u7ec8\u7aefI\/O<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>unistd.h<\/td><td>\u7b26\u53f7\u5e38\u91cf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wordexp.h<\/td><td>word-expansion definitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>arpa\/inet.h<\/td><td>Internet definitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>net\/if.h<\/td><td>socket local interfaces<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>netinet\/in.h<\/td><td>Internet address family<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>netinet\/tcp.h<\/td><td>Transmission Control Protocol definitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/mman.h<\/td><td>\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u58f0\u660e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/select.h<\/td><td>select\u51fd\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/socket.h<\/td><td>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u51fd\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/stat.h<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/statvfs.h<\/td><td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/times.h<\/td><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/types.h<\/td><td>primitive system data types<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/un.h<\/td><td>UNIX domain socket definitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/utsname.h<\/td><td>system name<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/wait.h<\/td><td>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Header<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>mqueue.h<\/td><td>message queues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>spawn.h<\/td><td>real-time spawn interface<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"xopen-system-interfacesxsi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"XOpen_System_InterfacesXSI\"><\/span>X\/Open System Interfaces(XSI)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Single UNIX Specification\u662fPOSIX.1\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8d85\u96c6\u3002POSIX.1\u6807\u51c6\u662fXSI\u7684Base Specifications portion\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u4e86XSI\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aUNIX\u3002<br>POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684XSI\u9009\u9879\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Header<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>fmtmsg.h<\/td><td>message display structures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ftw.h<\/td><td>file tree walking<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>libgen.h<\/td><td>pathname management functions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ndbm.h<\/td><td>database operations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>search.h<\/td><td>search tables<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>syslog.h<\/td><td>System error logging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>utmpx.h<\/td><td>user accounting database<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><td>%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/ipc.h<\/td><td>IPC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/msg.h<\/td><td>XSI message queues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/resource.h<\/td><td>resource operations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/sem.h<\/td><td>XSI semaphores<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/shm.h<\/td><td>XSI shared memory<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/time.h<\/td><td>time types<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sys\/uio.h<\/td><td>vector I\/O operations<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fips\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FIPS\"><\/span>FIPS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Federal Information Processing Standard.\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u8d2d\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"unix-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UNIX_%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0\"><\/span>UNIX \u5b9e\u73b0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SVR4<br>UNIX System V Release 4\u3002<\/li><li>4.4BSD<\/li><li>FreeBSD<\/li><li>Linux<\/li><li>Mac OS X<\/li><li>Solaris<\/li><li>\u5176\u4ed6<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"limits\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limits\"><\/span>Limits<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%B9%A0%E9%A2%98\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B9%A0%E9%A2%98\"><\/span>\u4e60\u9898<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unix\u6807\u51c6 ISO C \u6700\u521d\u7531ANSI\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u800c\u8ba2\u5236\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f6f\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u90fd\u8fd8\u662fc99\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f2011\u5e74\u7684\u300299\u5e74\u5f15\u5165\u4e86restrict\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002ISO C libr&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[109],"class_list":["post-952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","category-6","tag-apiue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":953,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions\/953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.cauchyschwarz.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}